Python Strings, len, lower, upper

To get string length (number of characters), we will use len() function.

Note: all whitespaces are important:

a = "      Double Quotes"
b = 'Single Quotes         '

print(len(a))
print(len(b))

Result:

19
22
>>> 

a = "Double Quotes"
b = 'Single Quotes'

print(len(a))
print(len(b))

Result:

13
13
>>>

Sometimes it's useful to put length in dedicated variable, so we can use it later:

a = "Double Quotes"
b = 'Single Quotes'

how_a_is_long = len(a)

print(how_a_is_long)

Result:

13
>>>

Even better option is to explain what is happening:

a = "Double Quotes"
b = 'Single Quotes'

how_a_is_long = len(a)

print("How long var a is: ", how_a_is_long)

To transfer all chars to lowercases, we can use lower() function:

a = "Double Quotes"
b = 'Single Quotes'

print(a.lower())
print(b.lower())

Result:

double quotes
single quotes
>>>

Same for uppercases, with upper() function:

a = "Double Quotes"
b = 'Single Quotes'

print(a.upper())
print(b.upper())

Result:

DOUBLE QUOTES
SINGLE QUOTES
>>>